Black authors who were/are incarcerated for pro-Black/anti-colonial/anti-neocolonial activities. (The list includes people who would be considered Black only in places that practice hypodescent.)

• Imari Obadele ( 1930 - 2010 )

• Mumia Abu-Jamal

• Dhoruba bin Wahad

• Albert John Luthuli ( 1898 - 21 July 1967 )

• Robert Hillary King ( 1942 )

• Kwame Ture ( 29 June 1941 - 15 November 1998 )

• S. E. M. Pheko

• Dwayne Staats

• Aaron Dixon ( 1949 )

• Muhammad Ahmad ( 1941 )

• Kwame Nkrumah ( 1909 - 1972 )

• Queen Mother Moore ( 1898 )

• Huey P. Newton ( 17 February 1942 - 22 August 1989 )

• Bobby Seale ( 1936-10-22 )

• Sundiata Acoli

• Sibongile Mkhabela

• Agostinho Neto ( 1922-09-17 - 1979-09-10 )

• George L. Jackson ( 1941 - 1971 )

• Sekou Odinga ( - - 2023 )

• Ruchell Cinque Magee ( - - 2023 )

• Joshua Nkomo ( 1917 - 1999 )

• Hybachi LeMar

• Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo ( 1938 )

• Patrice Lumumba ( 1925 - 1961 )

• Luc Reinette

• Mwandawiro Mghanga

• Uanhenga Xitu ( 1924 - 2014 )

• Keshii Pelao Nathanael ( 1949 )

• C. L. R. James ( 1901 - 1989 )

• Barbara Beese

• Robert Gabriel Mugabe ( 1924 - 2019 )

• Ellen Kuzwayo ( 1914 - 2006 )

• Déwé Gorodey ( 1949 - 2022 )

• A. de Kom ( 1898 - 1945 )

• Lorenzo Kom’boa Ervin

• Inácio Soares de Carvalho ( 1916 - 1994 )

• Matias Mboa ( 1942 )

• Raúl Bernardo Manuel Honwana ( 1905 )

• Walter Rodney ( - - 1980 )

• Ramona Africa

• Eusi Kwayana

• Marcus Garvey ( 1887 - 1940 )

• Obi Benue Egbuna ( - - 2014 )

• Jamil Al-Amin ( 1943 )

• Dikobé wa Mogale

• Ashanti Alston

• Nelson Mandela ( 1918 - 2013 )

• Pam Africa

• Josiah Mwangi Kariuki ( 1929 - 1975 )

• Jalil Muntaqim ( 1951 )

• Majhemout Diop ( 1922 - 2007 )

• Steve Biko ( 1946 - 1977 )

• Martin Sostre ( 1923 - 2015 )

• Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe ( - - 1978 )

• James Yaki Sayles ( - - 28 March 2008 )

• Abdul Rahman Mohamed Babu ( - - 1996 )

• Dedan Kimathi ( - - 1957 )

• Safiya Asya Bukhari ( 1950 - 2003 )

• Russell Maroon Shoatz ( - - 2021 )

• Elany

• Deolinda Rodrígues de Almeida ( 1939 - 1967 )

• N. Barney Pityana

• Thenjiwe Mtintso

• Mxolisi Mgxashe ( 1944 - 2013 )

• Zolo Agona Azania

• Molefe Pheto

• Ndabaningi Sithole ( 1920 - 2000 )

• Toussaint Louverture ( 1743? - 1803 )

• Djibo Bakary ( - - 1998 )

• Angela Y. Davis ( 26 Jan 1944 )

• Maina wa Kĩnyattĩ

• Claudia Jones ( 1915 - 1964 )

• Abdoulaye Mamani ( 1932 - 1993 )

• Assata Shakur ( 1947 )

• CeCe McDonald

• Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ( - - 2018 )

• Abdul Olugbala Shakur

• Kuwasi Balagoon ( - - 1986 )

• Kevin ‘Rashid’ Johnson

• Vera Chirwa

• Fred Hampton ( 1948 - 1969 )

• Nuh Washington

• Albino Magaia ( 1947 - 2010 )

• Clements Kadalie ( 1896 - 1951 )

• Luís Bernardo Honwana ( 1942 )

• Nito Alves ( 1945 - 1977 )

• Geronimo Pratt ( - - 2011 )

• Darcus Howe ( - - 2017 )

• Mosibudi Mangena

• Naboth Mokgatle ( 1911 - 1985 )

• Kenneth D. Kaunda ( 1924 - 2021 )

• Govan Mbeki ( 1910 - 2001 )

• Herman Ferguson ( - - 2014 )

• Albert Woodfox