Eighty percent of German businesses reported being hit by data or IT theft, industrial espionage or sabotage in the last 12 months, with 45% of companies tracing cyberattacks or other acts of industrial spying to China, a survey showed on Wednesday.

The survey by Bitkom, a trade association for Germany’s IT sector, also saw Russia being blamed for 39% of attacks.

That figure, however, is down from a previous 46%, while the statistic for China is three percentage points more than in the last survey in 2023.

The survey estimated that the German economy had suffered damage of up to €267 billion ($297 billion) in the last 12 months from acts of industrial espionage, including cybercrime. That figure is up 29% from the year before.