Climate Tech Reporter David Roberts discusses battery recycling with ceo of a company that is working on scaling up a newer fossil fuel free method of melting down and separating battery metals. This method has advantages of not burning up most of the valuables and sending them into the open atmosphere as well as not requiring a constant stream of harsh chemical feed, or having chemical waste.
Today his small scale plant is handling mostly the waste from faulty primary manufacturing, and is looking to scale up in time for the 2030 boom in lithium battery recycling.
I don’t think biofuel is net zero or net negative at all. The production has byproducts (some of which are useful) and the use in cars still produces carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and VOCs. Some of those less than gasoline, most about the same or slightly less, but more when it comes to nitrogen oxides and VOCs. Here is a dense but very informative meta analysis on it.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7735313/
That’s not power to gas. I prefer synthetic methane.