23 August is a special day for historic events in Europe. The European Day of Remembrance, also known as Black Ribbon Day, honours the victims of all totalitarian and authoritarian regimes.

On 23 August 1939, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany concluded the so-called Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with its Secret Supplementary Protocol that carved up Central and Eastern Europe into spheres of control between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Days later, on 1 September 1939, the Second World War began in Europe.

Persistent attempts, both in the USSR and in present-day Russia, have tried to deny the Pact’s Protocol. When forced to recognise its existence, the Kremlin diminishes or relativises its importance by saying that almost everybody had a pact of non-aggression. Well, not everybody sliced up Europe into ‘spheres of influence’, disregarding other national sovereign governments.

Putin and the Pact

In recent years, Putin has prominently resurrected the Pact and praised its geopolitical value. In fact, it allowed the USSR and Nazi Germany to help each other. Putin omits saying that as pact-partners, the two countries exchanged vital material support, fuelling the destruction of Europe for 22 of the 64 months of war (almost two years or one-third of the time). The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact included a credit agreement between Germany and Soviet Russia, cooperation on trade, military technology and cultural exchange. It even provided for USSR sending Jews to Nazi Germany.

Outrageous claims of historical revisionism have surfaced in Russian state and other pro-Kremlin disinformation outlets. We have examined in detail the many attempts to play ping-pong with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact or manipulate it so nobody remembers what is up and down.

Currently, our EUvsDisinfo Database has 265 cases with examples of pro-Kremlin disinformation where the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact plays a key role or is a reference. Some of the outrageous claims are: ‘The Secret protocol never existed’, ‘The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact is not an “unusual” document’, ‘Poland and the West forced the USSR to sign a Pact with Nazi Germany’, and ‘In 1940, the Baltic States asked to be incorporated into the USSR’. Putin even claims that ‘Hitler offered Poland peace and a treaty of friendship and alliance’ but ‘Poland pushed Hitler too far by attacking’ or ‘Poland started World War II’.

23 August has gained a new dark relevance with Russia attempting the annihilation of independent Ukraine and developing authoritarian rule at home.

Freedom from totalitarianism and authoritarianism is not a given. Don’t be deceived.

Edit: Fixed missing link